Under a tax reform that took effect from 1 January 2020, digital services supplied by non-residents to local consumers became liable to 10% VAT and 4.5% Income Tax for Non-Residents (INR). Under the new rules, banks, financial institutions, exchange houses, cooperatives, payment processors or similar entities, and telephone companies or other entities that mediate for the provision of digital services, must act as a withholding agent in respect of collecting the tax due. However, Regulatory Decree No. 3181 establishes a transitional provision under which mandatory withholding for digital services will become effective as of 1 July 2020.